1.) Which of the following is not an organic molecule?
b. sucrose
2.) Which of the following terms includes all the other terms on this list?
b. carbohydrate
3.) Which term is most appropriate to describe a molecule that dissolves easily in water?
c. hydrophilic
4.) Cholesterol is an example of what kind of molecule?
b. lipid.
5.) The 20 amino acids vary only in there
b. side groups
6.) A specific reactant an enzyme acts upon is called the
d. substrate
7.) An enzyme does which of the following?
b. cools a reaction, slowing it down
8.) Besides satisfying your hunger, why else might you consume a big bowl of pasta the night before a race?
Pasta is made out of carbohydrates which store the energy you take in your body for a long period of time.
9.) How are glucose, sucrose and starch related?
Glucose, sucrose and starch are related because they are all carbohydrates that are polysaccharides.
10.) What are steroids? Describe two functions they have in cells.
Steroids are lipid molecules in which the carbon skeleton forms four fused rings. Steroids are hydrophobic and circulate your body as chemical signals.
11.) How are polypeptides related to proteins?
Polypeptides are related to proteins because proteins are composed of one or more polypeptides chains linked together in amino acid chains.
12.) How does denaturation affect the ability of a protein to function?
Denaturation affects the ability of a protein to function because if a protein is in an unfavorable environment, such as change in pH, temperature or other environmental qualities, the protein can unravel and lose its normal shape. (As temperature rises, egg white changes its color from a transparent color to white)
Questions 14 and 15:
14.) Analyzing Diagrams The reaction below shows two amino acids joining together.
a. One product of this reaction is represented by a question mark. Which molecule is it?
The molecule represented by a question mark is a water molecule that has been taken out during the process of dehydration between two amino acids joining together.
b. What is this kind of reaction called? Explain.
This reaction is called a dehydration reaction because a water molecule had been taken out during the bonding of two amino acids, leucine and serine, and a monomer was added to this chain.
c. If an amino acid were added to this chain, at what two places could it attach?
If an amino acid were added to this chain, it can attach itself to the OH on the right side of the reaction or the H on the other end of the reaction.
15.) Analyzing Graphs
Use the graph to answer the questions below.
a. At which temperature does enzyme A perform best? Enzyme B?
Enzyme A performs the best at around 37 degrees Celsius and Enzyme B performs the best at 77 degrees Celsius.
b. Knowing that one of these enzymes is found in humans and the other in thermophilic bacteria, hypothesize which enzyme came from which organism.
Enzyme A is thermophilic and enzyme B is an enzyme found in humans.
c. Propose a hypothesis that explains why the rate of the reaction catalyzed by enzyme A slows down at temperatures above 40 degree Celsius.
Enzyme A slows down at the temperature above 40 degree Celsius because the reaction is terminated and is short.
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